The Effects of Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto on Human Values Essay

The Effects of Karl Marxs Communist pronunciamento on Human Values What was it like living in the times before the Communist Manifesto was introduced to society? What kind of affect did this document have on the values of the average family? How did it influence the values of the individual? Sometimes these values where affected in a way that does not come directly from the release of the Manifesto but instead vicariously through other events brought on by the document. Overall, an fire topic to look at is what it meant to be benevolent in the 1840s. France is representative of European nations at that time. Through France, the effects of the Communist Manifesto on humanity values are evident.In order to understand how people lived before the year 1848, in which Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto, it is important to know a little slightly the history of France. In the years of the French Revolution, the citizens began to think differently about their lives and the qua lity of them. They started to look at other countries, America for example, and saw how people at that place seemed to have more rights and freedoms then those in France. The people decided that they be better and became interested in the ideas of liberty and equality, of popular sovereignty and national self-determination, fond mobility, mass literacy, and citizen armies.1 These ideas were revolutionary to the people living in France at that time. The values of the human people in France changed mainly because they found themselves thinking that they deserved more in terms of respect from the government, better education, and equality amongst themselves.Revolts by the common people in the year 1848 showed how the people viewed themselves and t... ...eliefs in how this situation could be improved. Although the effects did not happen right away, some people realized, after reading this document, that this might be a good way to improve their lives and their human values. No tesGuy S. Metraux and Francois Crouzet, The Nineteenth Century World (New York The American Library, 1963), 44. Ashley, Roscoe Lewis, Modern European Civilization (New York The Macmillan Company, 1922), 271. Ashley, 271. take on Guide For the Communist Manifesto, 23, October 2001, www.wsu.edu8080/brains/hum_303/manifesto.html. Study Guide, 23, October 2001.Study Guide, 23, October 2001. Study Guide, 23, October 2001. Study Guide, 23, October 2001. Study Guide, 23, October 2001. Ashley, 259. Ashley, 259. Ashley, 259. Ashley, 260. Ashley, 260. Ashley, 260. Ashley, 261.

The Punishment Suits The Crime For Dante :: Dante Alighieri Inferno

The Punishment Suits the CrimeIn the Inferno, Dante takes us on a journey finished Hell. Dante describes the sins and the punishment in great detail. He puts the severity of the sins in a particular order, where the further one goes down, the more severe the sin. The order that Dante puts the sins in be incontinence, violence, fraud, and betrayal. This paper will discuss two groups of sins, incontinence and fraud, and how severe the punishment for each sin is determined. In particular, it will compare the sin of gluttony in the trio circle and divining in the fourth pouch of the eight circle.The first group of sins are the incontinent sins. These are located in the second finished fifth rings. These sins are primarily concerned with sins of the body. These sins besides show a lack of rest rainwatert.The sin of gluttony is found among the incontinent sins. Gluttony, by definition, is excess, such as food and drink, for example. God has given us all that we need on Earth, but tha t doesnt mean that we are supposed to have excessive gratification. When Dante and Virgil enter the third Circle where the gluttons are found, Dante acknowledges that it is a realm of cold and heavy rain-a dark, accursed torrent eternally poured with changeless measure and nature (Inferno, p. 45). The harsh and endless rain may be connected to the sin of gluttony. Since these sinners experienced excess on Earth, then they too are punished with an excess of rain in Hell. Dante also notices that the soil they drench gives off a putrid odor (Inferno, p. 45). The punishment of wallowing dirt may also be connected to the sin of gluttony. Since they indulged in filth on Earth, then they shall wallow in filth for all eternity in Hell. The gluttons are also tortured by the three-headed dog Cerberus, the mythological defender of Hell.Dante meets a sinner named Ciacco while in this third circle. He says to Dante, Your city, so full of envy that the sack spills over.

Making Decisions In The Road Not Taken by Frost :: essays research papers

Making Decisions in The pathway non TakenIn The Road Not Taken Frost emphasizes that every person is a traveler choosing the roads to follow on the map of their continuous journey-life. There is never a straight path that leads a person one sole direction in which to head. Regard little of the original message that Robert Frost had int lay offed to convey, The Road Not Taken has left me with many different interpretations. Throughout this poem, it is obvious that purposes are not easy to straighten out and each decision go forth lead you overcome a different path. In this poem, Frost illustrates that every person has his own opinion. He states Then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim (line 6-7). What make it better was it was grassy and wanted wear (line 8). It was something that was obviously not for everyone because it seems that the other people take the more popular one. And both that morning equally take down/ In leaves no step had trodden b lack (line 11). No one had yet to pass by on this road since the leaves have fallen. I kept the beginning(a) for another day (line 13). The desire to travel down both paths is expressed and is not unusual, but knowing how way leads onto way (line 14). The speaker of this poem realizes that the decision is not just a temporary one, and he doubted if I should ever come back (line 15). This is his common sense speaking and acknowledging that what he chooses now will affect every other choice he will make in the future.At the end of the poem, the regret hangs over the travelers head. He realizes that at the end of his life, somewhere ages and ages hence (line 17), He will have regrets about having never gone back and traveling down the road he did not take. Yet he remains proud of his decision, and he recognizes that it was this path that he chose that made him turn out the way he did. I took the road less traveled by and that has made all the difference (line 19-20). To this man, what really made the difference is that he did what he wanted, even if it meant taking the road less traveled.

A Civil Action by Jonathan Harr Essay -- Law Criminal Justice System E

A well-mannered Action by Jonathan HarrA Civil Action is based upon a true story that Jonathan Harr, a former staff writer of New England Monthly describes a case that in the statutory system that is fascinating and compelling. The story of a impracticable quest by an idealistic young individualized-Injury lawyer, whose aim was to prove that two conglomerates, Beatrice Foods and W.R Grace, allegedly polluted the water in Woburn ,Mass. a Boston suburb, with carcinogens. Jan had hoped that a victory would send a message to the boardrooms to America and felt that the culture of Leukemia in Woburn guaranteed his success. He never realise that he would be comforted with problems in the justice system. First with the federal courts, which were not sympathetic to damage suits, the trial judge felt the same way. He then went on to his third try with a different judge. Which was unsuccessful due to one of the excuse witness who lied. On his fourth try the defense attorney failed to deli ver all relevant documents to Schlichtmanns team. Jan Schlitmann was a lawyer in the upper bracket as far as money was concern. He lived in a luxury condo, worn only hand-tailored Dimitri suits and silk Hermes ties, Bally shoes and drove a Porsche. Schlitmann not only was a well to do lawyer, he also was a lawyer that believed in justice, whether he got paid or not, in regards to this case. He spent nine years of his life, lost all of his assets, gave up his personal possessions and personal life to see th...

David Emil Durkheim and the Social Causes of Suicide Essay -- Suicide

David Emil Durkheim is a renowned sociologist and also Frances first professor of sociology. innate(p) on 15th, April in France, he successfully advocated for sociology to be recognized as an academic discipline. He did his first recognizable work titled The division of ram in society in 1893 and then started the first European department sociology in a university in his homeland of France.David Durkheims main concern was to try and catch how communities could maintain their integrity and coherence in the modern era where common religions and ethnic backgrounds were stumbling blocks. He went ahead and developed many other sociology theories and arguments until his death in 1917. Some of his famous published work includes social stratification, sociology of knowledge, deviance and religion. But one of the most outstanding and fascinating of his work is self-annihilation which was published in 1897 (Calhoun, 2002).How Durkheim was able to show the social causes of self-annihilatio n.Durkheim compares the suicide rates among different categories of people both in individual levels and in the community at large. He treats suicide as a social fact explaining its occurrence by the use of social facts like lack of group attachment and lack of behavior regulation. In personal perspective he argued that suicide is a personal act that involves personal psychology and purely individual thoughts. His explanations on suicide were partly hindered by unavailability of very precise or complete statistical data. He went ahead and described suicide as caused by factors like climate, race, mental illness, transmittable and imitation (Sociology 250, 1999). Durkheim was able to show the social cause of suicide by observing and studying on varying socia... ...ciologytwynham/suicide-presentation-927179Durkheim Emile. Emile Durkheim on suicide. Retrieved fromhttp//www2.uvawise.edu/pww8y/Soc/-Theorists/Durkheim/Suicide.htmlEskenazi Karin, (2009). Largest ever study of suicide in the military. Retrieved fromhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/157916.phpEvans, (2011). Suicide causes and motivations. Retrieved from http//www.crimescenecleanup.com/Suicide_Causes_and_Motivations.html Hassan Riaz, (1996). Social factors in suicide in Australia. Retrieved from http//www.aic.gov.au/documents/4/9/0/%7B490EDFD9-212E-414F-B4E5-F3DA8A6D0413%7Dti52.pdf Kushner Howard I & Sterk Claire E, (2005). The limit of social capital. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449331/Sociology 250, (1999). Social facts and suicide. Retrieved from http//uregina.ca/gingrich/o26f99.htm

David Emil Durkheim and the Social Causes of Suicide Essay -- Suicide

David Emil Durkheim is a renowned sociologist and also Frances first professor of sociology. Born on 15th, April in France, he successfully advocated for sociology to be recognized as an academic discipline. He did his first recogniz qualified work titled The division of labor in guild in 1893 and then started the first European department sociology in a university in his homeland of France.David Durkheims main concern was to try and understand how communities could maintain their uprightness and coherence in the modern era where common religions and ethnic backgrounds were stumbling blocks. He went ahead and developed many other sociology theories and arguments until his death in 1917. Some of his famed published work includes social stratification, sociology of knowledge, deviance and religion. But one of the most outstanding and fascinating of his work is suicide which was published in 1897 (Calhoun, 2002).How Durkheim was able to verbalize the social causes of suicide.Durkhe im compares the suicide rates among different categories of people both in individual levels and in the community at large. He treats suicide as a social fact explaining its occurrence by the use of social facts like lack of group attachment and lack of behavior regulation. In personal side he argued that suicide is a personal act that involves personal psychology and purely individual thoughts. His explanations on suicide were partly hindered by unavailability of really precise or complete statistical data. He went ahead and described suicide as caused by factors like climate, race, mental illness, hereditary and imitation (Sociology 250, 1999). Durkheim was able to show the social cause of suicide by observing and studying on varying socia... ...ciologytwynham/suicide-presentation-927179Durkheim Emile. Emile Durkheim on suicide. Retrieved fromhttp//www2.uvawise.edu/pww8y/Soc/-Theorists/Durkheim/ suicide.htmlEskenazi Karin, (2009). Largest ever study of suicide in the military. Retrieved fromhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/157916.phpEvans, (2011). Suicide causes and motivations. Retrieved from http//www.crimescenecleanup.com/Suicide_Causes_and_Motivations.html Hassan Riaz, (1996). Social factors in suicide in Australia. Retrieved from http//www.aic.gov.au/documents/4/9/0/%7B490EDFD9-212E-414F-B4E5-F3DA8A6D0413%7Dti52.pdf Kushner Howard I & Sterk Claire E, (2005). The limit of social capital. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449331/Sociology 250, (1999). Social facts and suicide. Retrieved from http//uregina.ca/gingrich/o26f99.htm

According to the US Department of Labor Essay

* The time employees spend in meetings, lectures, or training is considered hours calculateed and must be paying, unless attendance is outside regular working hours, the attendance is voluntary, the course, lecture, or meeting is not job related or the employee does not perform any productive work during. attendance. * If employees on their own initiative attend an independent school, college, or independent trade school after hours, the time is not hours worked for their employer even if the courses are related to their jobshttp//www.dol.gov/ overtimeBased on the above considerations, the employee has no possible FLSA claim because the overtime he is claiming is not required by the company to perform his strong-arm tests. He can stay fit and in shape and can be trained well with in his job itself and there is no want by the company to take additional training to continue to stay in SWAT but he felt that he needed wasted training and has nothing to with the company. So as per FLS A Mr.Murphy has no potential claim to collect the overtime for 36 months.See more Satirical elements in the jeopardize of Huckleberry Finn essayThe five things an employer can do to insure compliance with FLSA and avoid claims are1.Classify the employees properlyTry to classify the employees based on free and non-exempt shape based on FLSA regualtions. There is a whole list of exempt employees according to US department of labour and some of that list includes * Commissioned gross sales employees of retail or service establishments are exempt from overtime if more than half of the employees earnings come from commissions and the employee averages at least one and one-half times the stripped-down wage for each hour worked. You whitethorn also wish to review the applicable regulation.* Computer professionals Section 13(a)(17) of the FLSA provides that certain computer professionals paid at least $27.63 per hour are exempt from the overtime furnish of the FLSA.* Drivers, drivers helpers, loaders and mechanics are exempt from the overtime pay provisions of the FLSA if employed by a motor carrier, and if the employees duties affect the safety of operation of the vehicles in transportation of passengers or property in interstate or foreign commerce. You may also wish to review the applicable regulation.* Farmworkers employed on sm only farms are exempt from both the minimum wage and overtime pay provisions of the FLSA. You may also wish to review the specific regulation. Young workers employed on small farms, with parental consent, are also exempt from the child labor provisions of the FLSA. For more information on exemptions from the child labor provisions of the FLSA in agriculture, click the underlined text. Other farmworkers are exempt from the FLSAs overtime provisions. You may also wish toreview the specific regulation.* Salesmen, partsmen and mechanics employed by automobile dealerships are exempt from the overtime pay provisions of the FLSA. You may al so wish to review the applicable regulation.* Seasonal and recreational establishments Employees employed by certain seasonal and recreational establishments are exempt from both the minimum wage and overtime pay provisions of the FLSA. You may also wish to review the applicable regulation.* Executive, administrative, professional and outside sales employees and who are paid on a salary basis are exempt from both the minimum wage and overtime provisions of the FLSA.Direct reference http//www.dol.gov/elaws/esa/flsa/screen75.aspAnd there are former(a) exempted categories and to avoid potential claims, the handbook of US department of labour should always be checked while running the payroll.2.Run a proper payroll as per the standards and so there will not be any issues later when faced a claim.3. Conduct workshops among employees to grant them understand the overtime exemptions and non-exemptions.4.For the exempt employees make sure the wages are paid for the normal working hours to avoid any discriminatory claims.5.Document the non-exempt employees work hours accuratelyIf taken care and treat all employees fairly as per the standards and creative a crystal clear environment and pay with the transparency there will not be any potential claims.Referenceshttp//www.dol.gov/overtimehttp//www.dol.gov/elaws/esa/flsa/screen75.asp

Health Care Regulatory Agencies Paper Essay

Health care regulatory agencies supervise professional of the wellness care profession such as physicians, hospitals, and labs. Providing information in regards to changes in health care along with ensuring the safety and legal compliance and the quality of serve provided to the public is the duty assigned to the agency. These agencies can range from the federal, all the way to the local level with the task of establishing rules and regulations for the health care industry to follow. The supervision of these is imperative. handle of expertise range from disease control, health care providers, to fare and drug.These different agencies are all housed under the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is the agency that leave alone be analyzed in this paper. The FDA or nourishment and Drug administration is the oldest agency in the federal g everywherenment of the U. S. This scientific, regulatory, and public health agency supervises items in the market that account for one fourth of every dollar spent by consumers. Earlier duties involved doing chemical analysis of farming products back in 1862 when it was known as the Department of Agriculture. In 1930 this department was renamed to the name that the public recognizes presently.The governing role started with the 1906 Pure Food and Drug bear, this law banned interstate highway trading in contaminated and incorrectly labeled food and drugs. The en piercement of this law was headed by Chief Chemist Harvey Washington Wiley. As of today, the agency now employs over 10,000 that is made up of pharmacists, physicians, veterinarians, lawyers, microbiologists, chemists and pharmacologists. These were the starting blocks of consumer protection that would later evolve in to the regulatory laws that we presently abide by. The responsibilities over the years have been modified, to keep up with changes in politics, culture, and the economy.Its power of influence includes most food products (with the exception o f poultry and meat), animal and human medication, therapeutic agents of biological origin, medical instruments, radiation-emitting products for consumer, medical, and professional use, toiletries, make-up, and animal food (FDA, 2009). Agency scientists review applications for new human and animal drugs, infant formulas, food and color additives, and complex medical devices. Also, the FDA monitor s the transport, storage, import, manufacture, and sale of about $1 trillion worth of products annually (FDA, 2009).States utilized the primary control over nationally produced and distributed goods and drugs in the 19th century. The control that was administered was conflicting from state to state. The Vaccine Act of 1813, though brief, was the first federal law that addressed buyer protection and medication for the public. At such federal power was re rigoroused to medicine and foods that were brought in. With forward motion in the field of science, fraudulent acts like manufacturing cont aminated food were easier to identify. Drug companies had developed techniques that made medicine less potent but more safe by cutting the drug with just about anything.The meat packing industry was also exposed for its sickening situation. These dishonest and unsafe practices prompted the driving force that lead to both a meat inspection law and a comprehensive food and drug law . President Roosevelt passed in to law The Food and Drug Act in June of 1906. Under this act guidelines were established to the labeling of products. Drugs could not be exchange unless it met the standard defined in the United States Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary. If in that location was a difference from the norm it should be stated on the label.Foods were not subjected to the same similar standards, however the law banned the addition of any particle that would alternate the food, cover up damage, create a health risk, or amount to a dirty or decayed substance. The FDA is made up of seven- spot centers the National Center for Toxicological Research Organization, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Organization, Center for Biologics valuation and Research Organization, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Organization, Center for Tobacco Products Organization, Center for Veterinary Medicine Organization, and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health Organization. ImpactOn the FDA website there are sections that house the grave information pertaining to pet safety and health, safety information and problems with human health products, and food safety. There are also press releases by the various industries and the FDA on recalls of different products. There was a recent ruling that made the media headlines that shows how important the rulings of the FDA are to the public. On March 18, 2010 new rules were announced that have a strict impact on the way that the tobacco industry can sell and market smokeless products and cigarettes. In particular the adv ertising that targets the nations young person population.That law that takes effect on June 22, prevents the FDA from prohibiting tobacco or nicotine, but it gives the agency infinite authority to control the ingredients in tobacco products and the way they are marketed, distributed and sold (Lyndsey, 2010). Companies will no longer be able to sponsor events that involve entertainment or sports among other things. Federal punishment for violators varies from penalties to warnings. This has been an ongoing battle since 1996 when the FDA tried to crack down on the advertising but the industry fought back in court and won. They accused the agency of stepping outside the bounds of their authority.

Comparing Media on Trangendered People and Social Issues

In this, the 21st century, control over the masses seems to becoming more app arnt from a hierarchy containing a fistful of self-selected highly ranked, influential individuals. Controlling the views and beliefs of whole nations of bulk, by controlling what information they receive and how this information is de persistred. Some of these people argon highly respected, trusted and in positions of authority.Their words shit the power to not single give hope to, but also scare and shape the beliefs of their followers who, unquestionably trust in their intentions. A prime example of this powerful influence on participation is in the so-called democratic country of Australia, where one bit, Rupert Murdoch, owns two thirds of the nations biggest newspapers. 75% of the remaining is owned by one other man, John Fairfax (Donavan, 2011).So then, the well-known saw Dont believe everything you read or perk is a good reminder to anyone subjected to receiving the news anywhere in Australia , to keep an open mind, be sceptical and seek bulge out any other facts with kick upstairs research before making up their minds on a reported situation. Just because something is broadcast through the media, or is said by an all-important(a) person, it does not automatically make it fact or cover the whole truth.Very rarely are both sides of a story ever expressed unbiasedly, livery forth all facts and information and then leaving it up to the individual to make a decision. Consequently, this paper will compare different media outlets. One stemming from gravid power and position, and the other from a small topical anesthetic community organisation, showing the different strategies and contexts in which they report, how and who they influence and what factual information they use to back up their statements on the topic of trans sexual activityed people.Before examining these differences, it is important to reboot that the term transgender can be defined several ways academi cally, so for the sake of this paper transgender will be used as the umbrella term covering people whose biological sex does not completely, in part or at all admit with their gender identity. Furthermore, it must be mentioned that gender identity is different from homosexuality, which is sexual orientation. Transgendered people, like everybody else can be straight, bi, man or somewhere in-between (Dra.Torres, 2001). For a group of people that have existed as some predict, since mankinds genetic make-up started to differ from perfect (Reitz, 2009), equality in society has neer seemed to exist for long, if at all. There are historical accounts throughout Ancient Greece, Rome and across the Mediterranean to the Middle East of transgendered people worshipping their transgendered goddesses and not only organism socially authorized but thought to possess powers of protection and good fortune.That was until Christian and Islamic influences spread and not only were their ghostlike bel iefs defamed and eradicated, transgendered people were as well (Dra. Torres, 2001). 2000 years on it seems not a lot has changed in the eyes of the Catholic Church. On the 22rd of December 2008, Pope Benedict XVI gave his yearly end of year Christmas speech to a room filled with archbishops and priests. Broadcasted from inside the Vatican, through their personally owned television station, website, and printed in newspapers across the globe.He summarised the year that was, describing in lengthy detail the occurrence of World Youth Week in Australia, sending messages of peace to war-torn countries and comparing gay and transgendered people to a rainforest. At a time of year that is supposed to be more or less spreading peace and joy and bringing people together, Pope Benedict XVI started mop up with these blessings saying The grace of God has appeared for all. He then mention World Youth Week in all its glory following by saying and the earth is a gift we must all protect and not abuse the earths resources for personal gain. He states it is the Churchs business to firmly publicly protect the earth and the self-destructive man from himself. He describes human being disposition of being man and woman and this self-destructive man is anyone that does not respect the order of knowledgeableness by treating it as out of date philosophy of metaphysics. His reasoning that transgendered people exists follows. What is often expressed and understood by the term gender ultimately ends up being mans attempt at self-emancipation from creation and the nobleman. Man wants to be his own master, and alone eer and exclusively to determine everything that concerns him. Yet in this way he lives in opposition to the truth, in opposition to the Creator Spirit. Rain forests deserve indeed to be protected, but no less so does man, as a creature having an innate message which does not contradict our freedom, but is instead its very premise.The vast scholastic theologians descr ibed marriage, understood as the life-long bond between a man and a woman, as a sacrament of creation, which the Creator himself instituted without modifying the message of creation From this perspective, we should defend love against sex as a consumer good, the future against the exclusive claims of the present, and human nature against its manipulation. (Pope Benedict XVI, 22nd Dec 2008) Christmas day, three days after his speech hypocritically had the following comments. Wherever the dignity and rights of the human person are trampled upon wherever fratricidal hatred and the exploitation of man by man hazard being taken for granted wherever internecine conflicts divide ethnic and social groups and disrupt peaceful coexistence wherever the basics needed for survival are lacking wherever an increasingly uncertain future is regarded with apprehension, even in affluent nations in each of these places may the Light of Christmas shine forth and bring forward all people to do their p art in a spirit of authentic solidarity. (Pope Benedict XVI, 25th Dec, 2008) This is a man in charge of the wealthiest city, representing The Creator, in the largest populated religion globally, consisting of just below550 million people. His statements were not only badly timed, but uneducated, unethical to say the least and unacceptable to come from a man with much(prenominal) powerful status and influence. He has labelled transgendered people as non-believing mavericks, who chose to change their sex to rebel and free themselves. From what exactly, is incomprehensible the way he puts it, just that they want to emancipate themselves.Not by getting a crazy haircut or wearing outrageous clothing. Not by not socially conforming and not following trends and not even by becoming Atheist. But by subjecting themselves to multiple, painful operations, enduring a hormonal rollercoaster, being socially unaccepted, ridiculed, disowned and being a target for violence. As he sees it, dependin g on where these self-freeing masters-of-their-own-destiny are from they are choosing to throw away almost every basic human right, to instead live a life most likely filled with prostitution and drugs Thats emancipation? Benedict XVI, 2008) This total misconception has no factual basis, and is obvious from the only credit rating being ancient theologians description on marriage, which resulted in not only offending the gender diverse, but homosexual people as well, who, through further research found he used the same emancipation reason on two years earlier (Benedict XVI, 2006). He is basically saying that gay people are a threat to creation because if everyone chose to be gay creation would cease to exist. Ironically enough the same could be said about the celibate priesthood.This was an unnecessary personal attack, abusing his position and the media tools he has at his disposal to turn what should have been an inspirational and motivating speech to other power religious loss le aders into an excuse to breed a prejudice point of view that reached and is still reaching millions. On the very opposite, more positive end of the surpass there thankfully exists an organisation called the Gender Centre residing in Sydney, Australia. They are funded by Human Services and Community Services and provide a go of facilities not only for transgendered people, but to their loved ones and also organisations.Their pledge states The Gender Centre is committed to educating the public and service providers about the needs of people with gender issues. (Polare, Jul-Sep, 2011) Their services include support and education, social and support groups, drug and alcohol counselling, HIV/AIDS information, condoms and lube distribution, needle exchange, accommodation, referrals to specialists, outreach programs, counselling and support groups for families of transgendered and the production of a quarter-yearly magazine called Polare. Polare, Jan-Mar, 2011) Polare is a free magazine and every edition is packed full of helpful information, personal entries and latest news stories all relating to gender issues and the local society. It reports the facts and allows people to send in unsolicited contributions and also has forums on their website for gender issue discussion and debate allowing for all opinions to be heard and responded to.Every page saturnine exposes more helpful companies and services, for example the Jan-March issues page 12 has an ad for a hair removal company, an ad encouraging under 25 year old transgendered to write into the magazine sharing their stories. Opposite on page 13, an article on how a male to female transgender raised Lana, fought to be accepted into a professional womens golf tournament in the US, which she won not only the right to play but the tournament itself.The story continues on with other transgendered sports players and the difficulties they have faced including Lanas legal battle to be accepted in the US, Britain and European professional golfing tours. Her fight forced the fall over of the National Collegiate Athletic Association polices making it easier for other transgendered people to compete in sports and fit in in society, whilst also raising consciousness (Cummings, 2011). In issue 88 July-Sep 2011, pages 8-12 covers in depth information on the Gender Centre and what they do.Unlike the Popes speech, they address transgendered people by name and highlight the social issues they face such as homelessness, social isolation, unemployment and family rejection and provides services to help each of these and more (Moore, 2011). Ironic to what he represents, there was no mention of any solution or help from Pope Benectict XVI. Further in issue 88 are stories of new drug treatments for Hepatitis C and legal battles transgendered are fighting to have the right to be classified as they see themselves not on what their genitalia represents.At the very back of every edition, they have a Directory As sistance section six pages long containing services and organisations. These contacts are aimed to help not only the transgendered but the homosexual community too. It covers all states over Australia and includes a few international contacts (Gender Centre, 2011). Online, the Gender Centre provides a 41 page fact sheet covering a wide variety of interrelated topics. From information on their training sessions they can provide for employers and organisations, to information on intersex and ambiguous genitalia.It also provides 10 pages of information on all the rights transgendered people have and highlights different circumstances. It also includes useful contact details of legal and other organisations that might be needed especially in an emergency. (Gender Centre, 2008) It is relieving to see such organisations exist, for such a special group of people living in a society so overpowered by greedy, power-hungry individuals. These people go through so much emotional trauma and psyc hological stress just trying to understand themselves and who they really are.To then go out into such a critical society and be able to hold their heads high with pride deserves recognition at the strength and resilience the human spirit is capable of. In conclusion, it would only be foolish to wait for a day and age where everyone is considered as worthy as the next, because as the time passes, the rich and powerful only seem to be getting richer and in more powerful positions, controlling more and more what the masses are lead to believe.The worst thing about this, especially when it comes to the leader of a religious group, is the loss of the basic human morals and consideration for other people in general, losing sight of what and who they are representing and influencing. Instead of helping out fellow human beings because they care and want to help, unfair and hypocritical judgements are passed. It just goes to show that even the Catholic Church makes huge mistakes, but as lon g as our community organisation groups exists, hope can still spread among the people.

An Analysis of Jim Morrison’s Poetry

An Analysis of Jim Morrisons Poetry finished the Eyes of a Fan. James Douglas Morrisons poem was born out of a decant of tumultuous social and political change in American and mankind history. Besides Morrisons social and political perspective, his verse also speaks with an clearing of the globe of literature, especi eithery of the traditions that shaped the verse line of his age. His song expresses his own vexs, theorys, development, and maturation as a poet from his musings on film at UCLA in The Lords and The vernal Creatures, to his final poems in Wilderness and The American Night.It is my intention to show Morrison as a serious American poet, whose work is worthy of serious consideration in relative to its turn up in the American literary tradition. By discussing the poetry in terms of Morrisons influences and own ideas, I will be able to show what distinguishes him as a significant American poet. In order to reveal him as having a clearly defined ability as a poet , my commission will be on Morrisons own words and poetry. I will concentrate on his earlier work to show the influence of Nietzsche and French poets such(prenominal) as Arthur Rimbaud and Antonin Artaud and the effect they had on Morrisons poetry and style.Morrisons poetical style is characterised by contrived ambiguity of meaning which serves to express subconscious thought and feelinga tendency now generally associated with the post- youthful or avant garde. His poetic strength is that he induces poetry quite profound in its effect upon the indorser, by using vividly evocative words and images in his poems. While it is obvious that Morrison has read writers that influence his work, and their influence remains strong in subject and tone, he still manages to make it his own in the way he adapts these influences to his style, experiences, and ideas.We would expect to find remnants of quotes, stolen lines and ideas, in a lesser writer, but Morrison shows his strength as a poet by resisting plagiarism and blatant borrowing, in order to achieve originality in his own verse. As T. S. Eliot has said, Bad poets borrow, good poets steal. Morrisons poetry is very phantasmagorical at times, as head as highly symbolic there is a pervading reason of the irrational, chaotic, and the angry an effect produced by startling juxtapositions of images and words. Morrisons poetry reveals a strange world a place peopled by characters straight out f Morrisons circus of the mind, from the strange streets of Los Angeles boulevards and back alleys. Morrisons speech is a native tongue, and his eye is that of a visionary American poet. He belongs to what poet and critic Jerome Rothenberg calls the American Prophecy . . . present in all that speaks to our feel of identity and our need for re bleakal. Rothenberg checkers this foreshadowing tradition as Affirming the oldest function of poetry, which is to interrupt the habits of ordinary consciousness by means of more precis e and highly charged uses of language and to provide new tools for celebrateing the underlying relatedness of all life . . A special concern for the interplay of legend and history runs through and through the whole of American literature. Thoreau, Emerson, and Whitman see the poets function in part as revealing the visionary meaning of our lives in relation to the time and place in which we live . . . we live taken this American emphasis on the relationship of myth and history, of poetry and life, as the central meaning of a prophetic native tradition. The proceeding intuitive feeling of Morrisons poems is that they flak to render the dream or nightm are of modern existence in terms of words and imagery, quite bizarre and obscure, yet circumvent at the same time.An important aspect slightly the body of his work and his commitment to his particular style, one closely aligned to Rothenbergs prophetic tradition, is that it is in the tradition of what some other poets of hi s time were writing. Morrisons early experiments with poetry and prose, written between 1964-69, depict in the language of an intellectually ambitious film educatee the strong influence of people such as Nietzsche and Artaud, and his ideas on aesthetics, philosophy, life, and film in particular.His early writings are the foundation on which he develops his poetic style. All the motifs, symbols, and imagery introduced in his first collection of poems recur continuously end-to-end his later works. The Lords and The New Creatures was conceived as two separate books however, it was published as one book containing Morrisons ideas and poetry. Essentially, it is a forum for the fleshing out of style. The first half of the book The Lords Notes on Vision, is a collection of notes and prose poems term the second half, The New Creatures, is an assortment of poetry.The Lords is a motley work of ideas and prose, loosely held together with motifs of death, cinema, and the reinterpretation o f mythical and theatrical theory. While originality seems to be in short supply, and naive idealism in abun leap, it is interesting for the allusion to, and presentation of philosophical and aesthetic ideas, central to Morrisons poetry. Stylistically, The Lords reflects his propensity for dark imagery and self-mythology, which would later be a fundamental characteristic of his poetry and performance.The motifs that pervade all of his poetry abound the urban center, sex, death, assassins, voyeurs, wanderers, deserts, shamanism, and so on. The autobiographical and historical references in the poems reflect the myth making process of turning fact into fiction the inner world of the psyche and its perceptions of surroundings, a mythological landscape of Morrisons mind. The poetry, however, has a strong sense of place the strong observational power of the astute outsider, works well in the invocations of strange border towns and locations. His vision of Los Angeles, or Lamerica, is prof ound in its focus and impressions.It is even stranger because of the ambivalent nostalgia Morrison seems to hold for the place, where he had lived and performed with the Doors Los Angeles is a city looking for a ritual to join its fragments. At first, for Morrison, it was musical home that would attempt to provide the ritual for the city, using his shaman principles to try to join its fragments, and bring his audience together. When that failed, and the summer of love and the notion of hippie solidarity had dissipated, he turned to his poetry as the ritual that would piece together the fragments of his own experience. want Eliots fragments shored against his ruins in The raving mad Land, Morrisons words and poetry are the means by which he can make sense of his world and guard against his aesthetic mortality. However, as always in his poems, there is a sense of cynicism, directed toward himself as well as the reader. Almost as if, his scathe and sacrifices, made in the name of a rt and cultural freedom, were not for his own benefit but for the benefit of you, the reader Words are healing. Words got me the wound and will get me wellIf you believe it. This segment from the absurdly titled, Lament for the Death of my Cock, reflects Morrisons pessimism and poetic idealism. The sense of suffering expressed in this later poem is also found in his earlier work The Lords, in relation to the idea of sacrifice for the good of all What sacrifice, at what price can the city be born? Morrisons early awareness of societys ills, and his benevolent sense of social responsibility, meant that he had a personally doomed and intense experience of America and its ideals.In particular, the Western Dream, as expressed in his apocalyptic invocation of a brave new world of dreamlike existence and ritual We are from the West. The world we suggest should be a new Wild West, a sensuous, evil world, strange, and haunting. With his own experience informing his work, Morrison begins Th e Lords by addressing the reader rhetorically, as if revealing some truth about modern existence. He introduces his analogy of a societys relation to place, in terms of a game. His vision of the city is one of a dystopian environmentit is an interpretation of the American condition and all modern civilisations.Morrison sees the city in modernist and symbolist terms the metropolis as a metaphorical reflection of society We all live in the city. The city forms a lot physically, but inevitably psychically a circle. A Game. A ring of death with sex at its center. Drive toward outskirts of city suburbs. At the edge discover zones of sophisticated vice and boredom, child prostitution. But in the grimy ring immediately surrounding the daylight business district exists the only real promote life of our mound, the only street life, night life. Diseased specimens in dollar hotels, low boarding houses, bars, pawn shops, urlesques and brothels, in dying arcades which never die, in streets a nd streets of all-night cinemas. Like Eliots invocation of the unreal city in The Waste Land, inherited from Baudelaires line about the swarming city, city full of dreams, where ghosts in broad daylight catch the walkers sleeve, there is a relation of person to place. Rimbauds perception of a city is more in line with Morrisons, when he cries O sorrowful city O city now struck dumb, / Head and heart stretched out in paleness / In endless doorways thrown wide by time / City the Dismal Past can only bless / Body galvanised for sufferings yet to come. Morrisons well-nigh socialist perception of American society and its negative effect upon culture and people, is one of the main concepts behind The Lords. He defines it as the feeling of powerlessness and impuissance that people have in the face of reality. They have no real control over events or their own lives. Something is controlling them. The closest they ever get is the television set. In creating this idea of the lords, it also c ame to reverse itself. Now to me, the lords mean something entirely different. I couldnt authentically explain.Its like the opposite. Somehow the lords are a romantic race of people who have found a way to control their environment and their own lives. Theyre somehow different from other people. The concept of the lords is a philosophical construct and a poetical device used to distinguish society as hierarchical. Morrisons idea of the lords can be related to Nietzsches passel in The Will to Power (1967), of the Lords of the Earth that higher species which would climb aloft to new and impossible things, to a broader vision, and to its task on earth. The lords are the poets and artists the people who are revolutionaries, who seek to change the conformist culture in which they exist and claim society forward The Lords. Events take place beyond our knowledge or control. Our lives are lived for us. We can only try to enslave others. But gradually, special perceptions are being deve loped. The idea of the Lords is beginning to form in some minds. We should enlist them into bands of perceivers to tour the labyrinth during their mysterious nocturnal appearances. The Lords have secret entrances, and they know disguises. But they give themselves away in minor ways.Too more glint of light in the eye. A wrong gesture. Too long and curious a glance. The Lords appease us with images. They give us books, concerts, galleries, shows, cinemas. Especially the cinemas. Through art they confuse us and blind us to our enslavement. Art adorns our prison walls, keeps us silent and diverted and indifferent. Door of passage to the other side, the soul frees itself in stride. In contrast to The Lords, Morrisons companion text The New Creatures, emphasises the nightmarish existence of other creatures who are submissive and almost sub-species in their herd witticism and hellish existence.The violent imagery and surreal nature of the verse in The New Creatures, creates a disorganise d and chaotic collection of poetry that seems to have no apparent motive or logic. The content is highly subjective and foreign to most readers some allusions and imagery are familiar in their generality, yet blunt in the apparent obscurity and juxtaposition. The poems personal content unfortunately makes most of The New Creatures inaccessible in their metaphorical and symbolic rendition of Morrisons psyche.In parts, Morrison evokes a tone and a cadence with the structure of word and image interplay similar in effectiveness to the lyrics he wrote for The Doors, some of which he actually performed Ensenada the dead seal of approval the dog crucifix Ghosts of the dead car sun. Stop the car. Rain. Night. Feel. Most of the poems in The New Creatures seem strange and unrelated. Morrison gives the reader a clue to his method of poetry, by his comments on art forms like film, especially when his poetry is so obviously cinematic in its style and effect.He solid grounds, with a reference to the modernist idea of art replicating electric current of consciousness, that he was interested in film because, to me, its the closest approximation in art that we have to the actual flow of consciousness. Many of Morrisons poems throughout his work are like film-clips in an avant-garde surrealist cinema. There is an intellectual, yet dreamy quality to his juxtaposition of ideas and insights about the world. Like the main technique of throng manipulation he used on stage, Morrison uses the pause for great effect, yet not in the conventional grammatical or formal sense.Instead of a caesura, an ellipse, or a new line (all of which he also uses to effect), he uses an image as a barrier to overcome, to be broken through Savage spate Naked girl, seen from behind, on a natural road Friends explore the labyrinth Movie young woman left on the desert A city gone mad w/ fever This pause, this break in flow or subject (in this case the metaphorical labyrinth) renders the verse as a st accato series of images rather than a progressive stream of ideas and words. In other words, the structure of the poem does try to replicate the irrational logic of stream of consciousness.Often these poems differentiate themselves from Morrisons more coherent pieces characteristically, they are like abstract paintings of violent and bizarre scenes, giving the reader a sense of the intoxicated state prevalent throughout much of Morrisons notorious, alcoholic and drug-abused, life. Reading some of Morrisons less adept poetry is like reading notes someone took while experiencing an LSD trip. This is what a vast percentage of them actually are according to legends of Morrisons excesses.The same elements combine in his more proficient poetry in intonation, profound visions, states of consciousness, and hallucinatory images, all culminating in a unique contemplation of the world. His cinematic technique of image juxtaposition also emulates the effects of a psychedelic experience, which c ould also be interpreted as no less than an experience of Morrisons world and the 60s itself. Poetry, and his idea of the Poet, was the genesis for most of Morrisons experience. Poetry shake and vocalised his love of the cinematic visual, performance art, and musical lyricism.It also expressed his most profound thoughts, philosophies, and beliefs it was a means to relay his world, which was increasingly close to destruction. In The American Night, his poem An American Prayer echoes Frazers lucky Bough along with the philosophies of Artaud and Nietzsche. Morrison appeals in his lament for understanding, for a consensus that technology and so-called progress is not necessarily break up or more exciting than the mythically imbued past Lets reinvent the gods, all the myths of the agesCelebrate symbols from deep elder forests . . . We have assembled inside this ancient and insane theatre To propagate our lust for life and flee the swarming wisdom of the streets . . . Im sick of dour f aces Staring at me from the T. V. Tower. I want roses in My tend bower dig? In this sense, his attitude toward modernity is one of disdain, similar to Eliots perception of a defunct Western civilisation in The Waste Land. Consistently, throughout his poems, Morrison is anti-TV, almost as if he sees it as responsible for contemporary societys decline.It is paradoxical in that he vehemently supports a view of the world through the camera lens of the filmmakers eye. Apart from this cinematic aspect that carries through from his earliest work, the consistent use of dark and violent imagery, and the allusion to sublime philosophy and art, there is no one unifying aspect to his poetry. There is, however, an element of autobiography in the poems, subtly placed in the symbols and motifs associated with the lead singer of the Doors Snakeskin jacket Indian eyes Brilliant hair He moves in disturbedNile Insect Air In The New Creatures, references abound to his clothes, Indian visions, Alexandr ine hair, and shamanic dance moves it is a story about himself. We then are introduced to the poets perception of his reader You parade thru the soft summer We watch your eager rifle fall apart Your wilderness Your teeming emptiness Pale forests on verge of light decline. More of your miracles More of your magic arms You, are the reader along for the transit we are the lords, the poet speaksenlightened ones, the ones who can see your wilderness . . America? He continues You are lost now, we are still the ones who can see what the reader cannot. Morrison invites us into his world, but the reader is always kept at arms length. In the next section of the poem, we are introduced to the state of the world and its inhabitants disease, despair, images of torture, and the ominous presence of death always lurking in the background. A strange exotic world is revealed, with rites and customs straight out of Sir James Frazers The Golden Bough Bitter grazing in sick pasturesAnimal sadness and the daybed Whipping. Iron curtains pried open. The elaborate sun implies dust, knives, voices. Call out of the Wilderness Call out of fever, receiving the loaded dreams of an Aztec King. The elaborate sun is elaborate in its context the iron curtain forcibly opened reveals war, communism, Stalinist tyranny etc. The sun could be a reference to the east, the land of the rising sun (also the name of a city in Ohio) its place in the wilderness implies its ancient and customary qualities of meaning.The Aztec King brings a whole new dimension and significance to the sun as the ancient Mayans used the blood of human sacrifices to strengthen the daily journey of the sun crosswise the sky. The characters of the poems are creatures of a nightmarish world. It is only upon realising that the creatures are meant to be uswe modern humansthat the fragments of society, held up to us as a mirror of ourselves through the experience of the author, become familiar.Robert Duncan, a poet from Morrisons era, in a passage reminiscent of Morrisons credo of wake up and the paradoxical consequence of his (Morrisons) beliefs, perhaps best sums up the poets meaning and reason for creating such a world It is in the dream itself that we seem entirely creatures, without imagination, as if moved by a plot or myth told by a story-teller who is not ourselves. Wandering and wondering in a foreign land or seek in the meshes of a nightmare, we cannot escape the compelling terms of the dream unless we wake, anymore than we can escape the terms of our living reality unless we die.Later in his life, as a more mature and serious writer, Morrison attempted to awaken from his own living reality, he had become very aware of the naivete of his early work. He reflects on the significance of some of his early ideas and acknowledges the limits of his experience and youthful literary talents in terms of an expression of his life, art, and as a prophetic poet I think in art, but especially in films, peopl e are trying to confirm their own existence. Somehow things seem more real if they an be photographed and you can create a semblance of life on the screen. But those little aphorisms that make up most of The Lords if I could have said it any other way, I would have. They tend to be mulled over. I take a few seriously. I did most of that book when I was at the film school at UCLA. It was really a thesis on film esthetics. I wasnt able to make films then, so all I was able to do was think about them and write about them, and it probably reflects a lot of that.A lot of passages in it for example about shamanism turned out to be very prophetic several years later because I had no idea when I was writing that, that Id be doing just that. The motif of the city in Morrisons poetry is as surrealistic as it is symbolic in the strange juxtapositions of vivid imagery, symbol, and metaphors of human consciousness. The truth is, one can never truly understand the mind of the American Poet. We are here, humbled by grandeur of his work, basking in the shadow of a creative mind we cannot comprehend.I have based my lifes work withdraw the poetry this one man has sent left behind, and here is my humble attempt to make a third person understand, not the poetry, but what I took away from it. I have reached a point in life where I feel the need to broaden my horizons, to move on from my never oddment obsession with Morrison and his words, so I write these words not to have them read or heard, but as a rite of passage. Goodbye Jim Morrison, and thank you for every thing. I shall forever be waiting at the harbor for the one day when the Crystal Ship comes in. Forever waiting for one last word to the world, from Mister Mojo Rising.

High Performance Working Systems Essay

last Performance workingss Systems (HPWS) argon defined as those in which management adopts a coherent set of practices that provide employees with a) The opportunity to influence operational decisions. b) The skills and abilities to effectively participate in these decisions and c) The incentives to motivate discretionary effort. (Applebaum et al. , 1998) Smarter litigateing- or spunky process working is a distinctive approach to managing mass at work that raises productiveness and at the same time improves the well cosmos of employees.Achieving high performance poses a major(ip) challenge for private and public sector organisations as they face ever increasing competition and more demanding performance targets. Its main rationale is that the way in which the people in the organisation argon managed offers perhaps the best route to gaining performance improvement and competitive advantage. postgraduate performance working conventionally contains three core components that a ddress the opportunity to contri stille, competence and motivation of the work force. High performance working rents a hands that possesses the appropriate level of acquaintance and skills.If resources such as technology are to be considered, then it is belike that workers will need high level knowledge and skills. They must be equal to work with new technologies, make complex deals or offer sophisticated services. Secondly, any competitive environment is evolving the capacity to enter requires a workforce that not only possesses the requisite knowledge and skills but is also willing and able to continue to acquire new knowledge and skills. whizz of the key distinctive features of high performance working is that it should be viewed as a system.In other words, it is not enough to consider competence or motivation in isolation. Logically, in that respect is no advantage in having extremely competent workers who are demotivated or under utilised. Equally at that place are da ngers in highly motivated but incompetent workers or high commitment in workers who are neither competent nor motivated. The challenge is to manage all intravenous feeding elements at once. No one has consistently defined, or even uniformly named High Performance Work Systems (HPWS). They wee been called high performance work practices, resource work practices and flexible work practices.Despite the variances, many of these programs share common elements including selection procedures, vigorous recruitment and incentives based upon performance and extensive training programs think on the needs of the business. Essentially High Performance Working Systems, require heavy investment in human capital. This is intended to enhance employee knowledge, skill, flexibility and motivation, with the hope that the employer is providing employees the ability and the opportunity to provide in target into workplace decisions. (Val Buren & Werner, 1996).Companies expect this empowerment to enab le employees to adapt readily and quickly to rapidly changing product and lying-in market conditions, and to improve operational force and firm performance. Although high performance work systems have often been seen as being good for both employers and employees, these practices require signifi stoolt investments in human capital through training, coordination of initiatives, and time for managerial and employee input. Because of the large investment in human capital the value of these practices may be lost if the investment does not result in increased efficiency and effectiveness.High Performance Working Systems are usually associated with increased productivity. However, examining only productivity effects businesses ignores the cost side of the equation. Despite this caution, numerous studies also find a strong relationship between HPWS and firm performance. These studies consider both be and the benefits of HPWS. (Huselid, 1995, Baker 1999). Performance of business crowd o ut be government noted on four dimensions marketing, market share, profitability and sales growth. It is often argued that human resources have an Copernican role to play in facilitating innovation.HPWS are focused upon such objectives as enabling people to think for themselves and to manage their work. High Performance Working Systems can increase innovation by encouraging team practices that let in learning to go through increased multidisciplinary knowledge, decentralising management in order to allow employees to discover and use knowledge encouraging team practices that allow learning to go through increased multi-disciplinary knowledge and putting that knowledge to good use. (Laursen, 2002).High Performance Working Systems systematically try to create organic organisations by moving decision-making downward. If for instance the organisational objective is efficiency, more effective Human Resource care (HRM) systems are likely to increase firm performance because HPWS effec tiveness focuses on better production or service delivery system. In contrast when a firm pursue innovative activities they are more likely to benefit from HPWS since they move the level of decision making downward, making the organisation better able to respond to environmental changes. (Capelli and Neumark 1999)More extensive use of HPWS is positively associated with increased organisational innovation since they are done in a holistic, meaningful and effective manner. It matters how a firm employs its organisational capabilities and its ability to manage human resources because resources or practices do not produce on their own. (Russo and Fouts, 1997). Traditional Human Resource Management systems concentrate on an efficiency objective, offer stable procedures and protocols with set processes for dealing with routing employment problems such as discipline, absenteeism and discharge.These systems also establish procedures, and rules that promote consistency and fairness throughou t the organisation. thusly an effective HRM system should enhance the firms ability to attract and retain qualified employees and promote efficiency. However, effective Human Resource Management practices nearly likely lack flexibility of High Performance Working Systems. If a firm is pursuing an innovation objective then effective HRM practices may inject with this goal by focusing on routines and rules that do not provide an environment conducive for stimulating innovation.Furthermore, organisations that are structured to deal with stable routing tasks are less(prenominal) able to adapt to uncertain, dynamic environments. Many organisations today face complex environments. Firms management strategies must adjust and conform to the existing business environment. The apply business environment demands that firms respond to change and, at the same time, promote efficiency. Thus firms that can combine effectiveness and flexibility objectives may be put in the optimal strategical position whether they are pursuing objectives of innovation or market performance.More extensive use of High Performance work systems with HRM effectiveness is positively associated with organisational innovation. The banking industry for example has be go a highly competitive environment because of banking industry deregulation. The regulatory changes coincide with such technological advances as telephone banking, ATMS, pc-based banking and information system advances. The industry responded to the changes by a significant wave of consolidation that has reduced the chip of banks.Regulations essentially prevented firms from implementing the full range of strategic choices. Deregulation frees financial institutions to exercise strategic choice. Since deregulation, many banks have introduced new products and services that do not fit the traditional margin-maximing scheme where margin is the deflexion between the loan rate and the deposit rate. Instead fee income such as origination fees from corporate cash management accounts, home mortgages and letter of citation have become an increasing important source of bank revenues.Hence, the proportion of total income generated by these alternative fee based products and services represents an important measure of banking innovation. (Pfeffer, 1994). HPWS universally benefit all employers. High investments in training and employees pay off in terms of employee commitment and work effort. However, these HPWS do not come cheaply, firms either need to offset these expenses with productivity increases or operate in an innovate environment that can absorb these costs.This makes HPWS less compatible with firms pursuing efficiency objectives and more compatible with firms whose success is more dependent on innovation as opposed to efficiency. A major benefit of High Performance Working Systems is to move the level of decision making downward to reduce the need for formal supervision so that employees are to think for themse lves. These objectives may be of wide importance for employers seeking to innovate or provide a responsive service but may be problematic for employers pursuing efficiency objectives.Employers who have highly developed hierarchical and formal structures that follow an evolved model of scientific management may not benefit from HPWS. These employers have designed formal roles and procedures specifically to avoid employees thinking for themselves. Thus it can be argued that employers with innovation objectives would benefit more from HPWS than would employer seeking a marketing efficiency objective (Capelli & Neumark 1999). There are three main set of potential benefits of high performance working system organisational performance, the worker well being and labour turn over and retention.The major reviews that have been conducted in North America, Europe and elsewhere consistently show a clear association between application of high performance working and organisational performance. These reviews are cross sectional and therefore cannot establish clear cause and effect. It is therefore possible that the more successful organisations have the capacity to introduce high performance working. The ability to retain staff is an important feature of a high performance work system and is a key reason wherefore commitment to the organisation can be considered as a core dimension.The presence of High Performance Working Systems is likely to encourage more people to stay with the organisation. This will help to justify the investment in higher performance working and will also feed into other performance outcomes in the sense that experienced staff who understand the business and its products can contribute to higher productivity and to a higher quality of goods and services. For some managers a occupy for worker well-being may appear to be an outcome of marginal interest. Well being is usually defined as a combination of hypothecate satisfaction, mental and physical health and broader life satisfaction.Work related well being can be narrowed down to the first two but should extend to imply work-life balance. There is evidence that workers who experience high performance work practices report higher job satisfaction. They are also more likely to participate in a range of extra activities and to report both better general health and better mental health reflected in less anxiety and depression. The only downside is some suggestion that under high performance working staff may experience greater work-related stress.This could be through highly committed workers tending to choose to work longer hours and to accept more responsibility. High performance working systems have received the endorsement of many governments and organisations. These include Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), Chartered Management Institute and Lisbon European Council for more and better jobs. HPWS face challenges and barriers. The skills for Business E mployer Survey promulgated in August 2006 shows some recent progress has been made in raising the uptake of individual high performance practices.However, one of the most accredited sources of evidence, the workplace Employment Relations surveys, show that in 1998, there was at best only modest application of these practices in workplaces across the UK and the 2004 survey shows that there has been very little if any further progress with implementation since then. There is evidence that levels of autonomy in jobs have actually been declining suggesting that managers are tending to swear greater come across rather than trust in the competence and commitment of staff.Three factors prevent a stronger adoption of High Performance Working Systems. These can be summarised as ignorance, inability and doubts slightly the case. Some people especially managers have doubts about the benefits of high performance working. These doubts operate at a number of levels. First there is scepticism about the claim that people- or at least the current work force is the key basis for competitive advantage, allied to belief that priorities for performance ought to be directed elsewhere.Secondly managers are unwilling to take the risk of giving workers greater autonomy and control. There is evidence about a trend to reduce worker autonomy and reveals a generally low trust dynamic. Thirdly, there is doubt about the specific pay-offs and more particularly, whether they would talk to their own work setting. Given these constrains, should we give up and leave High Performance working Systems to those few organisations that have managed to adopt it successfully and are reaping benefits?If relatively few firms are adopting HPWS working and it does bring benefits, then there is a strong case for gaining a lead on competitors. At the individual level, there is good evidence that workers benefit from being part of an organisation that engages in high performance working systems. Further more, job design aimed at enhancing levels of autonomy and control is likely to be associated with higher levels of well being. It will be associated with greater commitment and less likelihood of wanting to move on.

The study of communications: Test

1) The study of communications in the early twentieth century solidified in to which cardinal approaches? (a) Culture s faecal matterdalise and cooperative combat style (b) Rhetorical and behavioral (c) Dichotomous and recursion (d) Self-awargonness and positive reinforcement2) Beliefs that argon so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned are cognize as (a) True believers (b) Empowerment (c) Self awareness (d) Cultural values3) Organizational communication exhibits two properties (a) Organization and structured (b) Planning and race (c) Function and production (d) Assertiveness and bluntness4) The intent to harm is a defining element of (a) Striking (b) Insulting (c) Ignoring (d) Bullying5) What type of roles helps establish a groups social atmosphere? (a) Relational Roles (b) Communication Roles (c) Leadership Roles (d) Expressive Roles6) Ludwig von Bertalanffy advanced a opening of gulling organizations as systems embedded in larger systems. This is known as the? (a) Perfection Theory (b) worldwideization Theory (c) Work Force Theory (d) General Systems Theory7) Conflict in the Middle East leads both to fears that cover production will suffer and to higher energy costs in the United States, and this is known as (a) Domination (b) Mass Assimilation (c) Globalization (d) Global Marketing8) Studying the intercultural communication is important to improve (a) Personal procure (b) Employers trust (c) Cultural respect (d) Self awareness9) John Oetzel found that which communication processes led to job effectiveness and member satisfaction in many small group situations? (a) Equal Participation (b) Respectful (c) Cooperative conflict style (D) all of the above10) Supervisors can increase employees feelings of self-efficacy by dint of (a) Promotions (b) Empowerment (c) Confidence (d) Motivation11) Exhaustion, cynicism, and ineffectiveness are all part of a workplace phenomenon called (a) Workforce retention (b) Employee tolerance (c) burn down Out (d) Lack of Cooperation12) Formal education in the United States emphasizes (a) Dichotomous (b) High paying jobs (c) Capitalism (d) Relational Roles13) What is the trait theory? (a) Successful recruiters are invariably needed (b) Leaders are born (c) Self-starters are always successful (d) Motivational speakers are well educated14) The process in which you and others begin to see you as an integral and accepted part of an organization is known as (a) Assimilation (b) Asset (c) Productive (d) Manager15) Familiarity with others, organizational acculturation, recognition, involvement, job competency, and role negotiation are all part of (a) complaisant network (b) People person (c) Talented recruiter (d) Metamorphosis16) Communications ethics is defined as (a) The standards of what is right and wrong, good or bad, virtuous and immoral. (b) The practice of being fair, collective and responsive to ones needs (c) Talking to others with respect and using proper speech skil ls (d) Not swearing or using vulgar language will on work site17) What is quid pro quo? (a) Using your brains to receive a promotion (b) Monitoring your coworkers habits to gain an advantage come panel reviews (c) The request for sexual favors as a condition of getting or keeping a job or gain (d) Exercising your rights to table a board meeting if conditions are non to your liking18) What percentage of employers monitors workers Web connections? (a) 80% (b) 92% (c) 73% (d) 76%19) The two types of purposes for a speech include (a) General + Specific (b) Focused + Consistent (c) Topic + Subject (d) Local + Long distance20) When audience members entrust you with their time and attention, you are make to treat them with (a) Respect and Kindness (b) Fairness and Concern (c) Cooperation and alertness (d) Confidence and emotion21) The number one social phobia in the United States is (a) Appearance (b) olfactory modality (c) Public Speaking (d) Center of Attention22) One out of twenty p eople suffers such a fear of public speaking that they (a) Sweat (b) Shake (c) attempt to stutter (d) Are unable to finish23) Ancient Greeks, the Middle Ages, and the _______ all made major contributions to the study of communication. (a) Renaissance (b) Golden Age (c) Contemporary (d) Industrial24) What is the attribution theory? (a) Attritional Bias (b) Self-serving bias (c) Fundamental Attribution error (d) All of the above25) Considering the ages, races, sexual orientations, religions, and social-class backgrounds of your audience is all part of the (a) Demographical outline (b) Geographical Analysis (c) Cultural Analysis (d) Ethical Analysis26) If you wish to be sensitive to other peoples identities, you should (a) Consider who you communicate with (b) Remember what the persons record first (c) Ignore any weaknesses that person by have (d) Be aware of 3 key ethical issues that can impact your communication with others27) Statistics, examples, and private narratives are all ________ that can be used to enhance your speech. (a) Collective resources (b) Important topics (c) Ideal focuses (d) Supporting materials28) One way to ensure you are prompt for your presentation is to (a) Memorize (b) Practice (c) Be well dressed (d) Check for errors29) A descent that is described as variable with ups and downs over time, sometimes close, sometimes distant is being described according to (a) Turning point model relationships (b) Mutual beneficiary relationships (c) Contemporary relationships (d) Proactive casual relationships30) What is the model of communication created by the textbook authors? (a) 2 way Human differential communication (b) Multicultural transaction communication (c) Human communication in Society or transactional (d) Social group communication and group interaction31) How do you develop identity? (a) By communicating outside of your local area (b) Ignore negative feedback from others (c) By expressing yourself, through beliefs and persuasion ( d) Through internal awareness and environmental influences, and input from others32) De-escalating your anger, confronting the situation assertively, and listening to understand are all components of (a) Effectively handling interpersonal conflict (b) Anger management and Cool Down cycle (c) Emotion control (d) Obedience and patience33) The truth bias involves (a) The belief of once a liar always a liar (b) Common practice of trusting no one until properly known (c) Lack ones trust through secrets (d) aim to not suspect ones intimates of deception34) A feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the unfamiliarity of surroundings is known as (a) Unfamiliar ground (b) Culture shock (c) Culture anxiety (d) Culture phobia35) What is identity? (a) Social categories that you identify yourself (b) Categories that others place on you (c) Labels influenced on you by outside sources (d) Who you are as a person36) What are the elements that make up personality? (a) Emotional State (b) Kn owledge (c) Outlook (d) All of the above37) What are some reasons for studying intercultural communication? (a) reform your ethics (b) Be aware of different laws and customs (c) Learn others peoples culture so you can travel (d) Enhance own self awareness38) What we communicate, we exchange which two kinds of messages? (a) Practical and impractical (b) Emotional and non-emotional (c) Voluntary and involuntary (d) Verbal and non-verbal39) The social penetration theory describes what as a key component in relationship development? (a) Comfort (b) Disclosure (c) Company (d) Fun40) Proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity are all factors that influence (a) Attractiveness (b) Personality (c) Intelligence (d) Motivation41) The tendency for people to work harder and do better when others are around is known as (a) Influential motivation (b) Work ethic spectrum (c) Social Facilitation (d) Positive reinforcement42) Societal factors that do not affect your perceptions include (a) R ole of Employee (b) Company Policies (c) Work force involvement (d) Role of leadership43) Two contemporary approaches to the study of communication include (a) Honesty and guileless (b) Critical and Interpolate (c) Patient and observant (d) Listener and receiver44) List the different types of leadership? (a) Trait theory and Laissez-faire (b) Democratic and Authoritarian leader (c) twain A and B (d) None of the above45) What is the most important thing you learned in this class? (a) Building your identity (b) Self-awareness (c) Verbal ethics (d) Communication

Opposition of the Quraysh to the message of the Prophet Muhammad

AbstractThe f down in the mouth rate that the visionary Muhammad spent in Mecca is a critical component of the Islam religion. This essay will examine the magazine with the intention to assess the impact of the elements arrayed against the acceptance of the prophesier. The evidence presented found components in the establishment fe ared change and loss of power more than any separate accompanimentor. This study will be of use to any researcher studying this period. 1. IntroductionThe resistivity of the Quraysh to the visionary Muhammad is a pivotal moment in memorial that has influenced the manner in which Islam has evolved. This paper will assess the impact of the factors that the opponents to the Prophet used in their opposition Beginning with a brief overview of the Quraysh and their position prior to the appearance of the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca, this work will illustrate the fundaments of the opposition. Following this segment with an examination of the events that to ok place in Mecca as the Prophet attempted to disseminate his put across will allow for a demonstration of impact. The combination of the first elements will allow for a clear illustration of the significance of the factors that drove those that distant the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca.In the end this essay will have examined past practice, integration efforts and overall results in order to assess the impact that the opposition of the Quraysh to the message of the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca has had on Islam.2 Background2.1 The Young Prophet MuhammadThe Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca on the 12th of the lunar mother Rabil. It is cognise that he was of the noble family Quraysh, yet he was not taught to read or write and often tended sheep. His tribe can be traced back to Ishmael, a discussion of Abraham. It was the high capacity for moral dependability that separated the early Prophet Muhammad from the Ibn Kathir, 2000. The life of the prophet Muhammad a translation of Al-Sira a l-Nabawiyya / translated from the Arabic printed text of Mustafa other traders. During this period Muslims believe he worked and built a sterling reputation based on his integrity, truthfulness and overall dependability. From this recognition to truth and honesty came the youthful championship of al-Amin, or the Faithful. From this early age as an acclivitous merchant, his hatred of idolatry was well known. Further, despite the fact that Mecca was known for their consumption of spirits, the character of the young Prophet was such that not a drop was known to pass his lips. his divine calling.2.2 The QurayshAfter waging a bloody war against the tribe of Jarham, Qasiy, Ibn Kulaab established the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. This fact led to the Quraysh being in a position of considerable influence in Mecca during the life time of the Prophet Muhammad. A highly respected family that lived close to the Kabah and were then caretakers of Allahs house was only one of the reasons the populati on of Mecca revered the Quraysh family so. It was rough-cut for virtually any and any request of the Quraysh to be accomplished quickly and thoroughly.The Quraysh saveed two separate major merchandise caravans that travelled through Syria and Yemen, which endeared the clan to the city Mecca and entrenched their power into such that many Arabs would not consider do a move while the family stood against it. Rooting themselves ever more firmly in the fundament of society was the Quraysh role in maintaining the safety of the oppressed which in worm aided their perception of benevolence and wisdom. In a very real sense the Quraysh became rich and powerful by being the very scoop out at trade and safeguarding the house of Allah.With the obviateion of Islam by the tribe of Quraysh of Mecca there were virtually no other Arab tribes that were willing to embrace Islam. The world waited upon the city of Mecca to accept or break the Prophet Muhammad.3 The Quraysh Opposition to the Proph et MuhammadAs one of the prominent trading and mercantile houses in Mecca during the period of the Prophet Muhammad, there are several layers to the position of opposition that the Quraysh took against his message. On an economic, social and judicial level the govern class felt threatened by the emerging form of religion. During the time of the initial emergence of the Prophet, the city of Mecca was enjoying a relative period of peace and prosperity. With the Quraysh firmly in control of the pagans that were drawn to the city for religious purposes, there was a perception of reliance on the income from the trade. As the Prophet Muhammad first emerged and firmly denounced the multitude of Idols and Idolaters in the city, many Muslims felt a sense of impending change. The message of the Prophet was businessed to put the traders at odds with one of the strongest sources of income in the area. This dependence on trade was a hallmark of the family Quraysh effort to maintain power and defy a high level of governmental influence in the region. This factor of trade became a primary component of the family Quraysh resistance to the message of Islam as they sought-after(a) a means to secure their wealth and status, not endanger them both. This long time power in Mecca had been created from a centre of trade and commerce, which in daily round provided the family with reputation for integrity good works.The factor of pride was a central element in the Quraysh repudiation of the Prophet Muhammad and his sacred message. The changes that were sought by the emerging Prophet would have cast a form of aspersion on the forefathers of the family, and that was considered a stain upon their honour and therefore unacceptable. It was the current generation of the family Quraysh intention to personify strictly in the footsteps of their ancestors in order to maintain the propriety of their lineage. This sense of familial obligation was reflected in the Arab culture as each of the prominent families and tribes of the larger group continually competed for power and influence within the structure. A very real fear of the loss of power was at the root of much of the family Quraysh self-control of the faith. The birth of such a powerful Prophet would bring respect and honour to his division of the tribe and several internal factions had no wish to observe the sub-tribe to which the Prophet Muhammad belonged. This factor alone was enough to generate a substantial amount of negativity form the associated tribes.There were several areas of social responsibility that the Prophet Muhammad taught that were at odds with the administration of the period, which in turn caused even further dissention and denial by the family Quraysh. In every case the emerging message from the ascension power was education a transformation of the current societal structure, which was very frightening to those in power. Included among the many sections with which the Quraysh family to ok issue were the equality of tolerance aspects that radius to the core of humanity and spirituality within the person. The Prophet Muhammad taught that it was right to be both generous and merciful to all, including the weak and destitute. Further, it was of God to show companionship to those that were considered low born and furtive. In a very real way, the Prophet Muhammad was teaching the Muslim population that the Quraysh family was not of true religion and it could be seen in their twenty-four hour period to day actions. This fact also contributed to the initial growth of Islam through the lower strata of Meccan society. There was a very real perception that the emerging message was in direct opposition to the entitlement that the Quraysh felt that they had earned throughout the generations. Many historians note the fact that Quraysh were ballparkly thought to feel themselves as being better, or above, the common person.Therefore the resistance to impose a method of change t hat ran counter to their entire fundament came naturally.Driving much of the uncertainty surrounding the Prophet Muhammad and his message of Islam was the fear the new method would cause a core breakup of the Meccan society. Not only did the family Quraysh have their material wealth and lifestyle to lose, there were the accompanying political and religious appointments that would be lost as well. This factor of continual loss of the part of the powerful Quraysh family did not provide any path to acceptance.3.1 Methods of OppositionThe Quraysh family took the time to carefully consider and plan their rejection of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. There was a very real sense that this emerging threat to their power needed to be dealt with in a methodical manner. To this end, the efforts to depress and vilify the Prophet Muhammad took on new shapes that had never before been utilized. The Quraysh family had influential people close to the Prophet through the ties of familial bon ds formally reject his teachings. The element of denial by the family communicated in clear and certain terms that even though the Quraysh were of the same blood as the Prophet Muhammad, they did not speak the same message. This was a al-Qaeda of the campaign to destroy his message. His closest relative would publicly humiliate the Prophet in an attempt to further attaint not only him, but his message in front of the assembled crowds. Accusing him of lying, the assembled would fling dirt on his face and chest in a peril of utter contempt in a show of denial. This was at the hands of those that had previous to his message, held the Prophet Muhammad as one of the most trustworthy and upright of men. The drastic change was in direct response to the threat that the family Quraysh felt his message held for their lifestyle.Another method adopted in order to diminish the acceptance of the Prophet Muhammad rested in the Quraysh painting the teachings as being an innate rejection of their own ancestors. With the cessation of the Al-Lat and he Al-Izza as well as cease seeking attention from the Jinn, there came a clear division of interest for the Quraysh family which rested their power in tradition. The peevishness of the family is further illustrated as they went so far as to reject the ties of kin to the Prophet, despite the fact that he only sought to protect himself from their taunts and fallacies.As the ranks of the Prophets followers continued to grow several members of the ruling merchant class turned to money or power as a possible incentive to stop the message of Islam. Despite his being feted by the very richest and most powerful among the ruler of Mecca there was no method to be found for reconciling the emerging religion with the need for power. As each method of assault upon the message of the Prophet was rebuffed, there was a clear perception of building dismay to be seen in the increasingly violent and offensive reactions of the Quraysh family. It became common for the ruling class to maim and torture the lower class in an attempt to sway them from their growing beliefs. There were concerted efforts to take every element of comfort away from those that would refuse to abandon these new and emerging traditions.As a result of the considered and well financed attacks the life of the Prophet Muhammad during this period is cited as extraordinarily hard. With a perception of being a madman and outcast from his own family few people were likely to accept either him or his message. It became common for these disturbances to force the Prophet to run bleeding from his spot, and in turn his message was never fully delivered.As a final method of denial, the Quraysh family sought to turn the very strength of the Prophet, his religion against him. Creating a test of sorts with the added element of the acceptance of Islam is he could answer the questions, the family felt their scholarship would be the true means to discredit the faith. The Muslim belief cites the wisdom of his learning as enabling the Prophet Muhammad able to overcome this test and prove himself.4 ConclusionThe opposition of the Quraysh Family to the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad is a critical lesson in history. With a family that was firmly entrenched, the Quraysh, in power there was an established pattern of expectations in place. As the Prophet Muhammad, a member of this same family, grew to manhood he began to teach that the idols that were prevalent in the city took away from the spiritual purity of the region. This attack on the very cornerstone of regional commerce that the Quraysh family subsisted on was the first round in a very bitter battle to deny the Prophet and all of his teachings.The family Quraysh utilized thorough methods in their desire to mute the Prophet Muhammad. From public familial repudiation, to humiliation and shaming they sought to utterly and completely discredit the Prophet in order to maintain their hold both the com merce and religious establishment of the Meccan society. As the followers of Islam grew in number so did the family Quraysh issues with the calls for equality and tolerance. This fact continued to fuel the animosity of the family against the Prophet Muhammad.This period of life in the Prophet Muhammad is both heroic and demonstrative. Not only did he rise above the petty societal limitations to lecture his message, he continued to do this despite his loss of almost everything he held dear.5 BibliographyAli, A. Y. 2000. The Holy Qura?n. Ware, Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Ltd.Ali, M. 1947. The living thoughts of the Prophet Muhammad. capital of the United Kingdom Cassell.Azzam, L. and Gouverneur, A. 1985. The life of the prophet Muhammad. London Islamic Texts Society.Basit, A. 2012. The global Muslim community at a crossroads. Santa Barbara, Calif. Praeger.Cohn, J. 2012 Muhammad Prophet of Islam. upstart York, NY. Oxford University Press.Hashmi, S. 2003. The Quran and tolerance An interpretive essay on Verse 5 48. journal of Human Rights, 2 (1), pp. 81103.Ibn Hisha?m, ?. A. and Ibn Ish?a?k?, M. 1955. The life of Muhammad. London Oxford University Press.Ibn Kathir, 2000. The life of the prophet Muhammad a translation of Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya / translated from the Arabic printed text of Mustafa Abd al-Wahid by Trevor Le Gassick, v. 1Garnet, 1998-2000, p. 278-310.Mcauliffe, J. D. 2006. The Cambridge companion to the Qur?a?n. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press.Peters, F. E. 1994. Mecca. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press.Rahman, F. 1976. Pre-foundations of the Muslim Community in Mecca. Studia Islamica, (43), pp. 524.Ramadan, T. 2007. In the footsteps of the prophet. New York, NY Oxford University Press.Rubin, U. 1995. The eye of the beholder. Princeton, N.J. Darwin Press.T?abari?. 1988. The history of al-Tabari =. Albany State University of New York Press.Venardos, A. M. 2009. Handbook of Current Islamic Banking and Finance Issues in South East Asia. Hackensach, NJ u.a. World Scientific Pub Co Inc.

Halloween & Christmas? Similar or Different? Essay

When you think about Christmas and Halloween you think that they are two altogether different holidays. But are they really, are they completely different or are they the same liaison just noted at different times in the year. Well thats what we are going to discern out. Christmas celebrated on December 25 and Halloween celebrated on October 31 very unique holidays with many an(prenominal) questions to be answered.Lets start with Halloween since that comes first in the year. Halloween is a holiday celebrated at night on October 31st. The word Halloween is shortening all in all Hallows Evening also known as Halloween or All Hallows Eve. The traditional activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted houses and carving or painting pumpkins into jack-o-lanterns. Irish and Scots immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America in the nineteenth century. Other western countries embrace the holiday in the late twentieth century includin g Ireland, the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom as well as Australia and New Zealand. The ancient Gaels believed that on October 31, the boundaries between the worlds of the living and the dead overlapped and the deceased would come back to living and cause havoc such as sickness or damaged crops. The countries this scary holiday is celebrated in are Austria, Korea, Belgium, Mexico (day of the dead), Canada, Latin America, China, Spain, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, England, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, and Japan.Christmas is two a sacred religious holiday and a planetary cultural and commercial phenomenon. For two millennia, people around the world have been observing it with traditions and practices that are both religious and secular in nature. Christians celebrate Christmas Day as the anniversary of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, a spiritual leader whose teachings form the basis of their religion. Popular customs include exchanging gifts, decoratin g Christmas trees, attending church, sharing meals with family and friends and, of course, waiting for Santa Claus to arrive. December 25Christmas Dayhas been a federal holiday in the United States since 1870.

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 4

Thierry knelt by the window, careful not to base a noise or disturb the dry earth beneath him. It was askill so familiar to his physical structure that he might withstand been born with it. Darkness was his native environment hecould melt into a shadow at an instants notice or move more quietly than a stalking cat. plainly right now hewas looking into the coruscation.He could realise her. Just the disregard of her shoulder and the spill of her hair, tho he knew it was her.Beside him, Lupe was crouched, her thin body human nevertheless quivering with tool alertness and tension.She whispered, softer than a breath, All right?Thierry tore his gaze from that shoulder to look at her. Lupes guinea pig was bruised, one eye almost closed,lower lip torn. But she was smiling. Shed stuck around Medicine Rock until Thierry had arrived, dogthe girl c completelyed Hannah Snow, making sure no harm came to her.Thierry took Lupes hand and kissed it. Youre an angel, he told her, and made even little auditory sensation than shehad in speaking because he didnt use his vocal chords at completely. His voice was telepathic. And you deservea pertinacious vacation. My limos at the tourist resort in Clearwater take it to the airport at Billings.But-youre not preparedness to stay here alone, are you? You need spineup, sir. If she comes-I can take care of things. I brought whateverthing to cheer Hannah. Besides she wont do anything until shetalks to me.But-Lupe, go. His tone was gentle, but it was unmistakably not the urging of a ace anymore. It was theorder of her liege lord, Thierry of the night World, who was accustomed to being obeyed. Funny,Thierry mind, how you n ever so realized how accustomed you were to being obeyed until soulfulnessdefied you. Now, he bringed away from Lupe and looked through with(predicate) the cracks in the boarded-up windowagain.And promptly forgot that Lupe existed. The girl on the range had turned. He could collect her face.Shoc k coursed through him.He had kn avouch it was her-but he hadnt cutn that it would look so much desire her. Like the way she hadlooked the first measure, the first time she had been born, the first time he had proven her. This was what hethought of as her true face, and though hed seen various approximations of it through the years, hednever seen it again. Until now.This was the exact material body of the girl hed f exclusivelyen in cope with.The same long, straight fair hair, same(p) silk in unlike shades of wheat color, spilling over her shoulders.The same wide gray eyes that seemed full(a) of light. The same stunner expression, the same tender m turn outh,upper lip indenting the lower to give her a look of t unintentional sensuality. The same fine bone structure,the high cheekbones and graceful line of jaw that made her a sculptors dream.The wholly thing that was different was the birthmark.The psychic brand.It was the color of watered wine held up to the light, of wat ermelon ice, of a wiretap tourmaline, the palest of gemstones. Blushing bloom. Like one large petal, slantwise beneath her cheekbone. As if shed laid arose against her cheek for a moment and it had left its imprint on her flesh.To Thierry, it was beautiful, because it was part of her. Shed worn it in either lifetime after the first. Butat the same time the actually sight of it made his pharynx clamp shut and his fists clench in helpless grief andfury-fury against himself. The mark was his shame, his punishment. And his penance was to watch her labour it in her innocence through the years.He would pour out his blood on the dry meitnerium dirt right now if it would take the mark away. Butnothing in either the Night World or the human world could do that-at least nothing hed found in numberless years of searching.Oh, Goddess, he loved her.He hadnt allowed himself to feel it for so long- because the feeling could drive him insane plot of ground he wasaway from her. But now it cam e over him in a flood that he couldnt excite resisted if hed tried. It made hisheart pound and his body tremble. The sight of her lying in that location, warm and alive, separated from him by scarce a few flimsy boards and an equally flimsy human maleHe call fored her. He inadequacyed to yank off the boards, step through the window, brush aside the red-hairedman, and take her in his arms. He wanted to carry her off into the night, holding her close to his heart, tosome secret place where nobody could ever find her to weakened her.He didnt. He knew from experience that it didnt work. Hed done it once or twice, and hedpaid for it. She had hated him before she died.He would never risk that again.And so now, on this spring night near the turn of the millennium in the state of Montana in the UnitedStates of America, all Thierry could do was kneel foreign a window and watch the newest incarnation ofhis only Jove.He didnt realize at first, though, what his only love was actually doi ng. Lupe had told him that HannahSnow was seeing a psychologist. But it was only now, listening to what was expiration on in the room thatThierry slowly realized exactly what Hannah and the psychologist were up to.They were trying to recover her memories. Using hypnosis. Breaking into her subconscious as if it weresome bank vault.It was dangerous.Not just because the guy performing the hypnosis didnt seem to know what he was doing. But becauseHannahs memory was a time-bomb, full of trauma for her and deadly knowledge for any human.They shouldnt be doing this.e real muscle in Thierrys body was tense. But there was no way he could stop it. He could onlylisten-and clutch.Paul repeated with slow resignation, Hes not human. No. Hes a Lord of the Night World. Hes omnipotent and evil, Hannah whispered. Hes lived forthousands of years. She added, almost absently, Im the one whos been reincarnated.Oh, terrific. Well, thats a twist.You dont believe me?Paul seemed to suddenly remember that h e was talking with a patient-and a hypnotized patient at that.No, I-I mean, I dont know what to believe. If its a fantasy, theres got to be something underneath it,some psychological reason for you to make it all up. And thats what were looking for. What all thismeans to you. He hesitated, then tell with new determination, Lets take you rearward to the first time youmet this guy. Okay, I want you to relax in the light youre feeling very good. And now I want you to goback through time, just like turning back the pages of a book. In your mind, go back. Hannahs ordinary mind was intruding, argus-eyed up, overriding the dreamy part of her that had beenanswering Pauls questions. Wait, I-I dont know if thats a good idea.We cant figure this out until we find out what it all symbolizes what it means to you.Hannah mute didnt feel convinced, but she had the feeling she wasnt vatic to argue under hypnosis.Maybe it doesnt matter, though, she thought. Im waking up now I probably wont be abl e to go back.I want you to see yourself as fifteen years old, see yourself as fifteen. Go back to the time when youwere fifteen. And now I want you to see yourself at twelve years old go in your mind to the time whenyou are twelve. Now go farther back, see yourself at nine years old, at sextette years old, at terzetto years old.Now go back and see yourself as a baby, as an infant. Feel very comfortable and see yourself as a tinybaby.Hannah couldnt help but listen. She did feel comfortable, and her mind did show her understands as theyears seemed to turn back. It was like watching a take on of her life running backward, herself getting smallerand smaller, and in the end tiny and bald.And now, the soothing, irresistible voice express, I want you to go farther back. Back to the time beforeyou were born. The time before you were born as Hannah Snow. You are floating in the red light, youfeel very relaxed, and you are going back, back to the time when you first met this man you vie w ofas Thierry. Whatever that time might be, go back. Go back to the first time.Hannah was being drawn down a tunnel.She had no control and she was scared. It wasnt like the rumored near-death tunnel. It was red, withtranslucent, shining, pulsing walls-something like a womb. And she was being pulled or sucked through itat ever-increasing speed.No, she thought. But she couldnt say anything. It was all happening too fast and she couldnt make asound.Back to the first time, Paul intoned, and his words set up a sort of echo in Hannahs head, a whisperingof many voices. As if a hundred Hannahs hadall gotten together and murmured sibilantly, The First Time. The First Time. Go back and you will begin to see pictures. You will see yourself, maybe in a strange place. Goback and see this. The First TimeNo, Hannah thought again. And something very deep inside her whimpered, I dont want to see it. Butshe was still being pulled through the soft red tunnel, faster and faster. She had a feeling of u nimaginabledistance being crossed. And then she had a feeling of some threshold being reached. The First Time.She exploded into darkness, squirted out of the tunnel like a watermelon seed between wet ringers.Silence. Dark. And then-a picture. It opened like a tiny leaf florescence out of a seed, got bigger until itsurrounded her. It was like a scene from a movie, except that it was all around her, she seemed to befloating in the middle of it.What do you see? came Pauls voice softly from very far away.I see me, Hannah said. Its me-it looks just like me. Except that I dont have a birthmark. Shewas full of wonder.Where are you? What do you see yourself doing?I dont know where I am. Hannah was too amazed to be terrified now. It was so strange . .. shecould see this better than any memory of her real life. The scene was incredibly detailed. At the sametime, it was completely unfamiliar to her. What Im doing Im holding something. A rock. AndIm doing something with it to a little tiny s omething. She sighed, defeated, then added, Im eroding tool skins Its a sort of shirt and pants all made of skins. Its unbelievably primitive. Paul, theres a cave behind me.Sounds like youre really far back. Pauls voice sounded in stark contrast to Hannahs wonder andexcitement. He was clearly bored. Amused, resigned, but bored.And-theres a girl beside me and she looks like Chess. Like my best friend, Chess. Shes got the sameface, the same eyes. Shes wearying skins, too some kind of skin dress.Yeah, and it has about the detail of most of the past-life regressions in this book, Paul said wryly.Hannah could tell he was flipping pages. Youre doing something to something with a rock. Yourewearing some kind of skins. The books full of descriptions like that. People who want to imaginethemselves in the olden days, but who dont know the first thing about them, he muttered to himself.Hannah didnt wait for him to remember that he was talking to a hypnotized patient. But you didnt tellme to be the person back then. You just told me to see it.Huh? Oh. Okay, then, be that person. He said it so casually.Panic spurted through Hannah. Wait-IBut it was happening. She was falling, dissolving, unify into the scene around her. She was becomingthe girl in front of the cave.The First TimeDistantly, she heard her own voice whispering, Im holding a flint burin, a tool for drilling. Im boringholes in the tooth of an arctic fox. Be that person, Paul was repeating mechanically, still in the bored voice. then he said, What?M other(a)s going to be furious-Im supposed to be sorting fruit we stored last winter for the Spring,Gathering. Theres not much left and its mostly rotten. But Ran killed a fox and gave the skull to Ket, andweve spent all morning knocking the teething out and making them into a necklace for Ket. Ket just has tohave something new to wear every festival. She heard Paul say softly, Oh, my God Then heswallowed and said, Wait-you want to be a paleontologist, right? You know about old things I wantto be a what? Im going to be a shaman, like Old Mother. I should get married, but theres nobody Iwant. Ket keeps telling me Ill meet psyche at a gathering, but I dont think so. She shivered.Weird-Ive got chills all of a sudden. Old Mother says she cant see my destiny. She pretends thatsnothing to worry about, but I know shes worried. Thats why she wants me to be a shaman, so I canfight back if the spirits have something rotten in mind for me.Paul said, Hannah-uh, lets just make sure we can get you out of this, all right? You know, in case thatshould become necessary. Now, when I clap my hands youre going to rout out completely refreshed.Okay? Okay?My names Hana. It was pronounced slightly differently Hah-na. And Im already awake. Ket islaughing at me. Shes threading the teeth on a sinew string. She says Im daydreaming. Shes right Iwrecked the hole for this tooth.When I clap my hands, youre going to wake up. When I clap my hands, youre going to wake up. Youwill be Hannah Snow in Montana. A clap. Hannah, how do you feel? Another clap. Hannah?Hannah?Its Hana. Hana of the River People. And I dont know what youre talking about I cant be somebodyelse. She stiffened. Wait-somethings happening. Theres some kind of commotion from the river.Somethings going on.The voice was desperate. When I clap my hands-Shh. Be quiet. Something was happening and she had to see it, she had to know. She had to stand up.Hana of the Three Rivers stood up.Everybodys all excited by the river she told Ket.Maybe Ran fell in, Ket said. No, thats too much to look forward to for. Hana, what am I going to do? He wantsto mate me, but I just cant picture it. I want somebody interesting, somebody different. . . , She held upthe half-finished necklace. So what do you think?Hana barely glanced at her. Ket looked wonderful, with her short dark hair, her glowing slanted greeneyes, and her mysterious smile. The necklace was attractive red beads alternated with polishedmil ky-white teeth. Fine, beautiful. Youll break every heart at the gathering. Im going down to the river.Ket put down the necklace. Well, if you insist- wait for me.The river was handsome and fast-flowing, covered with little white-capped waves because it had just been joined by two tributaries. Hanas people had rived inthe limestone caves by the three rivers for longer than anyone could remember.Ket was behind her as Hana made her way through new green cattails to the bend in the river. And then, she saw what the fuss was about.There was a stranger crouching in the reeds. That was exciting enough-strangers didnt come very often.But this stranger was like no man Hana had ever seen.Its a demon, Ket whispered, awed.It was a young man-a male child a few years older than Hana herself. He might have been handsome in othercircumstances. His hair was very light blond, lighter than the dry grass of the steppes. His face waswell-made his tall body was lithe. Hana could see almost all of that body because he was only wearing abrief trounce loincloth. That didnt bother her everybody went naked in the summer when it was hotenough. But this wasnt summer it was spring and the days could still be chilly. No sane person would gotraveling without clothes.But that wasnt what shocked Hana, what held her standing there rigid with her heart pounding so hardshe couldnt breathe. It was the rest of the boys appearance. Ket was right-he was clearly a demon.His eyes were wrong. more(prenominal) like the eyes of a lynx or a wolverine than the eyes of a person. Theyseemed to overleap the pale sunlight back at you when you looked into them. But the eyes were nothingcompared to the teeth. His canine teeth were long and delicately curved. They came to a sharp and verynon-human point.Almost involuntarily, Hana looked down at the fox tooth she still held in her palm. Yes, they were likethat, only bigger.The boy was filthy, caked with mud from the river, his blond hair ruffled crazily, his e yes staring wildlyfrom side to side. There was blood on his mouth and chin.Hes a demon, all right, one of the men said. tailfin men were standing around the crouching boy, severalof them with spears, others with hastily grabbed rocks. What else could have a human body with animaleyes and teeth?A spirit? Hana said. She didnt realize that she was going to say it until the words were out. But then,with everybody looking at her, she drew herself up tall. Whether hes a demon or a spirit, youd betternot hurt him. Its Old Mother who should decide what to do with him. This is a matter for shamans.Youre not a shaman yet, another(prenominal) of the men said. It was Arno, a very broad-shouldered man whowas the leader of the hunters. Hana didnt like him.And she wasnt sure why she had talk up in favor of the stranger. There was something in his eyes,the look of a suffering animal. He seemed so alone, and so frightened-and so much in pain, even thoughthere were no visible wounds on his body.Shes right, wed better take him to Old Mother, one of the hunters said. Should we hit him on thehead and tie him up, or do you think we can just herd him?But at that moment, a high thin sound came to Hana over the rushing of the river. It was a womanscreaming.Help me Somebody come help me Ryls been attacked